By Elisela Rojas & Team redlobito.com
As experienced veterinarians specializing in the care of exotic birds, particularly toucans, we understand the unique requirements necessary to maintain their health and well-being. This article provides an in-depth guide on toucan care and nutrition, aiming to help you ensure these magnificent birds thrive under your care.

Understanding Toucans: An Overview
Toucans are known for their vibrant plumage and distinctive large bills. They are native to the tropical forests of Central and South America and require specific environmental conditions to flourish. Their natural habitats are rich in fruit, which forms a major part of their diet. As such, replicating these conditions in captivity is crucial for their health.
Creating the Ideal Environment for Toucans
Habitat Setup
A toucan’s enclosure must be spacious to allow ample room for flight and exercise. We recommend a minimum enclosure size of 6 feet in height, 4 feet in width, and 6 feet in length. Ensure the enclosure includes:
- Sturdy Perches: Toucans enjoy perching at various heights. Use natural branches of different diameters to promote foot health.
- Environmental Enrichment: Include toys, swings, and puzzle feeders to stimulate their intellect and prevent boredom.
- Temperature and Humidity: Maintain a temperature range of 65-85°F with humidity levels between 60-80%. Toucans are sensitive to cold and drafts, which can lead to respiratory issues.
Lighting
Proper lighting is essential for toucans. Full-spectrum UV lighting helps in the synthesis of vitamin D3, crucial for calcium metabolism. Ensure the lights are on for 10-12 hours a day to mimic natural daylight cycles.
Dietary Requirements of Toucans
Primary Diet
Toucans are frugivores, meaning their diet is predominantly fruit-based. However, it’s vital to provide a balanced diet to prevent nutritional deficiencies:
- Fruits: Offer a variety of fresh fruits such as papayas, bananas, berries, melons, and apples. Ensure all fruits are washed thoroughly and cut into manageable pieces.
- Low-Iron Pellets: Toucans are prone to iron storage disease (hemochromatosis), so it is essential to feed them specially formulated low-iron pellets.
- Vegetables: Incorporate leafy greens like kale, spinach, and dandelion greens, which provide essential vitamins and minerals.
Supplements
While a well-balanced diet provides most nutrients, additional supplements can ensure optimal health:
- Calcium Supplements: Essential for bone health, especially for breeding females.
- Multivitamins: Use a general avian multivitamin to cover any potential dietary gaps.
Health Monitoring and Common Issues
Routine Health Checks
Regular veterinary check-ups are crucial for early detection of health issues. Toucans should have annual exams, including blood tests to monitor for iron storage disease and other potential problems.
Common Health Problems
- Iron Storage Disease: As previously mentioned, toucans are highly susceptible. Symptoms include lethargy, weight loss, and swollen abdomen. Preventative measures include a low-iron diet and regular blood tests.
- Parasites: Internal and external parasites can affect toucans. Regular fecal exams and appropriate treatments are necessary.
- Respiratory Infections: Due to their sensitivity to cold and drafts, toucans can develop respiratory issues. Symptoms include sneezing, nasal discharge, and difficulty breathing.
Breeding and Raising Toucan Chicks
Breeding Environment
Creating a conducive environment for breeding is essential:
- Nest Boxes: Provide nest boxes with a diameter of at least 12 inches and a height of 24 inches. Place soft bedding material inside.
- Privacy: Ensure the breeding pair has a quiet and secluded area to reduce stress.
Caring for Chicks
Raising toucan chicks requires meticulous care:
- Feeding: Chicks need frequent feedings of soft, easily digestible food. A mixture of hand-rearing formula and finely chopped fruits is ideal.
- Temperature and Humidity: Maintain a warm and humid environment to support the chicks’ growth and development.
Behavioral Enrichment and Socialization
Mental Stimulation
Toucans are intelligent and curious birds that thrive on mental stimulation:
- Toys and Puzzles: Provide a variety of toys and puzzle feeders to keep their minds active.
- Interaction: Spend time interacting with your toucan to strengthen your bond and provide social enrichment.
Training
Basic training can help manage toucan behavior and ensure their safety:
- Target Training: Teach your toucan to follow a target stick for easy handling.
- Recall Training: Train your toucan to come when called, which is useful for free-flight environments.
Conclusion
Ensuring the well-being of toucans involves a combination of proper housing, a balanced diet, regular health checks, and mental stimulation. By adhering to these guidelines, you can provide a healthy and enriching environment for your toucan.