By Elisela Rojas & Team redlobito.com

As expert veterinarians specializing in ostrich care, we understand the unique requirements of these magnificent birds. Ostriches, being the largest living birds, have specific needs that must be met to ensure their health and well-being. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the essential aspects of ostrich care and nutrition, providing you with detailed insights to keep your ostriches thriving.

Introduction to Ostrich Care

Caring for ostriches requires a thorough understanding of their behavior, habitat, and physiological needs. These flightless birds are native to Africa but have been successfully farmed in various parts of the world. Ensuring their proper care involves creating an environment that mimics their natural habitat and provides for their physical and psychological needs.

Habitat and Housing

Ostriches require spacious enclosures to roam and exercise. Enclosure size is crucial, with recommendations of at least one acre per adult bird to allow for sufficient movement. Fencing should be robust, standing at least 6-8 feet tall, to prevent escapes and protect from predators. The enclosure should include shaded areas, clean water sources, and dust baths, which are essential for maintaining their feathers and skin.

Environmental Enrichment

To prevent boredom and encourage natural behaviors, we recommend incorporating environmental enrichment into the ostrich habitat. This can include:

• Sand pits for dust bathing
• Perching areas to mimic natural lookout points
• Interactive feeders to stimulate foraging behavior
• Large toys such as balls to encourage physical activity

Nutrition and Feeding

Proper nutrition is fundamental to the health and productivity of ostriches. Their diet must be well-balanced and suited to their specific dietary requirements.

Diet Composition

An optimal ostrich diet includes a mix of:

• Forage: Fresh grass, alfalfa, and other greens should make up a significant portion of their diet.
• Grains and Pellets: Commercial ostrich feed pellets provide essential vitamins and minerals. Corn, barley, and wheat are also beneficial.
• Supplements: Calcium and phosphorus supplements are crucial for bone health, especially in laying hens.

Feeding Schedule

Ostriches should be fed twice daily, with the total daily intake ranging between 2-3% of their body weight. It’s essential to provide fresh water at all times, ensuring it is clean and accessible.

Special Nutritional Needs

Different life stages and production goals (such as breeding or meat production) require tailored nutritional plans:

• Chicks: High-protein starter feeds are essential for growth.
• Breeding Adults: Increased calcium and protein support egg production.
• Meat Birds: Balanced diets to promote muscle growth and optimal meat quality.

Health Management

Regular health checks and preventative care are vital for maintaining ostrich health. This includes:

Vaccinations and Parasite Control

Administering routine vaccinations and implementing parasite control programs are critical. Common vaccines include:

• Newcastle Disease
• Avian Influenza
• E. coli

Parasite control involves regular deworming and monitoring for external parasites such as mites and ticks.

Monitoring Health

Observing ostriches for signs of illness or distress is essential. Symptoms such as lethargy, changes in appetite, abnormal droppings, or feather loss should be addressed promptly. Regular veterinary check-ups are recommended to detect and treat any health issues early.

Breeding and Reproduction

Successful breeding programs require careful planning and management. Understanding the reproductive cycle of ostriches is key to optimizing breeding success.

Mating and Egg Laying

Ostriches typically reach sexual maturity at 2-3 years of age. Mating behaviors include elaborate courtship displays by males. Egg laying usually occurs in clutches, with hens laying up to 15 eggs per clutch.

Incubation and Hatching

Egg incubation can be natural, under the hen, or artificial, using incubators. The incubation period is approximately 42 days. Maintaining optimal temperature and humidity levels is crucial for successful hatching.

Chick Rearing

Newly hatched chicks require a warm, safe environment. Brooder boxes with heat lamps are recommended to maintain a temperature of 90-95°F during the first week, gradually decreasing as chicks grow. A high-protein starter feed supports their rapid growth during the early stages.

Behavior and Social Structure

Understanding ostrich behavior and social dynamics is essential for effective management. Ostriches are social animals and thrive in groups.

Social Hierarchies

Ostriches establish pecking orders within their groups. It’s important to monitor interactions and intervene if aggressive behaviors become problematic.

Behavioral Enrichment

Providing opportunities for natural behaviors is crucial. This includes:

• Dust Bathing: Essential for feather maintenance and parasite control.
• Foraging: Scatter feed to encourage natural foraging behavior.
• Exercise: Ensure ample space for running and physical activity.

Conclusion

Proper ostrich care and nutrition are the foundations of a successful ostrich farming operation. By providing a suitable habitat, balanced diet, and attentive health management, we can ensure the well-being and productivity of these remarkable birds. Continuous learning and adaptation to their needs will result in a thriving ostrich population.